RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is one of the most used and prescribed anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs worldwide. It has become one of the main drugs related to accidental and intentional overdoses in many countries, including Chile. The objective of this work was to characterize acetaminophen poisonings occurred in Chile between the years 2001 and 2020. METHODS: A retrospective study of acetaminophen poisonings among patients who were hospitalized in Chilean public and private hospitals was carried out between the years 2001 and 2020. Data was obtained from the Medical Outcome Statistical Report database. Inclusion criteria were cases of patients who were admitted into either public or private healthcare settings with diagnosis of acetaminophen poisoning according to the WHO ICD-10. Statistical analyses were run to establish associations between variables selected in the study. RESULTS: A total of 2,929 cases were included in the study. 77 % of the cases corresponded to female patients (p<0.05). Patients' age range went from 0 to 81 years old. Adolescents and young adults resulted more involved in reported cases during the 2001-2020 period (p<0.001). During the first period of the study, accidental poisonings were more commonly reported, however in the recent years intentional cases increased their occurrence, especially among female patients (p<0.05). A multivariate logistic regression model considered as statistically significant (p<0.05) the interaction between the variables age, gender and year of the event. CONCLUSION: The present study identified a large number of acetaminophen poisonings reported in Chile during the 2001-2020 period. Cases were characterized including patients' gender, age, and poisoning intent. Health authorities should consider these findings as an opportunity to improve public health associated with the use and misuse of over-the-counter drugs, including acetaminophen.
RESUMO
In this paper, we consider a regression model under the generalized Waring distribution for modeling count data. We develop and implement local influence diagnostic techniques based on likelihood displacement. Also we develop case-deletion methods. The generalized Waring regression model is presented as a mixture of the Negative Binomial and the Beta II distributions, and it is compared to the Negative Binomial and Waring regression models. Estimation is performed by maximum likelihood function. The influence measures developed in this paper are applied to a Spanish football league data set. Empirical results show that the generalized Waring regression model performs better when compared to the Negative Binomial and Waring regression models. Technical details are presented in the Appendix.
RESUMO
Objetivo. Interpretar el significado de los valores profesionales en docentes y estudiantes de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Metodología. Enfoque cualitativo, método descriptivo-interpretativo. El análisis fue ideográfico y nomotético. Muestra por criterio de saturación y entrevista a profundidad a 12 docentes, y 16 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto año de estudios constituidos en tres grupo focales. Resultados. Por objetivación y anclaje y dentro del entorno académico-administrativo, emergió la representación social del significado de los valores profesionales a través de cinco categorías y subcategorías. En Docentes: teniendo valores personales: amor, respeto, vocación profesional, responsabilidad y amistad, y valores inherentes al quehacer profesional: amor, responsabilidad, respeto, capacidad intelectual, justicia, y compromiso social. Estudiantes: teniendo valores personales: amor, respeto, amistad; y valores inherentes al quehacer profesional: desarrollando y consolidando la vocación; teniendo conocimiento científico, amor, respeto, amistad, responsabilidad, justicia, puntualidad. Conclusiones. Para docentes y estudiantes los valores profesionales significan tener como base valores personales de carácter moral y valores éticos inherentes al quehacer profesional, donde destacaron: amor, vocación, responsabilidad, respeto, amistad, justicia, conocimiento científico, aprendizaje de valores con ejemplo y modelo de docentes.
Objective. To interpret the significance of professional values in students and teachers of the Nursing School at Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Methods. Qualitative, descriptive-interpretative study. The analysis was ideographic and nomothetic. Sample by saturation criterion, and in depth interview to 12 teachers and 16 students of 4th and 5th year of studies assembled in three focus groups. Results. By objectification and anchoring and within the academic and administrative environment, the social representation of the meaning of professional values emerged in five categories and subcategories. In Teachers: having personal values: love, respect, professional vocation, responsibility and friendship, and values inherent to the professional work: love, responsibility, respect, intellectual ability, justice, and social commitment. In Students: having personal values: love, respect, friendship; and values inherent to the professional work: developing and consolidating the vocation; taking scientific knowledge, love, respect, friendship, responsibility, justice, punctuality. Conclusions. For teachers and students professional values were based on personal moral and ethical values inherent to the professional work, including love, dedication, responsibility, respect, friendship, justice, scientific knowledge, learning values by example and teachers as models.
